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FLAG in the context of chemotherapy means an acronym for a chemotherapy regimen used for relapsed or refractory acute myelogenous leukemia. The FLAG regimen consists of: # (FL)udarabine - an antimetabolite that is not active itself in AML, but it increases the formation of an active cytarabine metabolite, ara-CTP, in AML cells; # High-dose (A)ra-C - an antimetabolite that has proven to be the most active in AML among various cytotoxic drugs in single-drug trials; # Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor - (G)-CSF to shorten the duration and severity of neutropenia. The FLAG and FLAG-based regimens can also be used in cases where there are concomitant AML and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or AML and lymphoma, or in cases of so-called "biphenotypic" AML (where the cells display properties of both myeloid and lymphoid cells), since fludarabine is highly active in lymphoid malignancies. There are also several intensified versions, in which a third chemotherapeutic agent is added: FLAG-IDA or FLAG-Ida or IDA-FLAG or Ida-FLAG is a FLAG-based regimen with idarubicin added, i.e.: # (FL)udarabine; # High-dose (A)ra-C; # Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor - (G)-CSF; # (IDA)rubicin - an anthracycline antibiotic that is able to intercalate DNA and prevent cell division (mitosis). Mito-FLAG or MITO-FLAG or FLAG-MITO or FLAG-Mito is another FLAG-based regimen with mitoxantrone added, i.e.: # (FL)udarabine; # High-dose (A)ra-C; # Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor - (G)-CSF; # (Mito)xantrone - a synthetic anthracycline analogue (an anthracenedione) that is able to intercalate DNA and prevent cell division (mitosis). FLAMSA is another one FLAG-based regimen with amsacrine added, i.e.: # (FL)udarabine; # High-dose (A)ra-C; # Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor - G-CSF; # (AMSA)crine - an alkylating antineoplastic agent that is, unlike more conventional alkylators, e.g. cyclophosphamide, highly active in AML. The FLAMSA protocol is most often used as an induction part of a reduced-intensity pre-transplant conditioning regimen for patients eligible to undergo an allogeneic stem cell transplant. In this setting, it is often combined with cyclophosphamide (FLAMSA-CYC) and/or busulfan or treosulfan (FLAMSA-BU or FLAMSA-TREO) and/or melphalan (FLAMSA-MEL) and/or total body irradiation given shortly after the end of FLAMSA, to prepare the patient for transplant. == Dosing regimen == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「FLAG (chemotherapy)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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